生物活性玻璃预处理对牙本质粘接界面耐久性的影响

目的:研究生物活性玻璃(bioactive glass, BG)预处理对维持牙本质粘接界面耐久性的作用。方法:选取30颗无龋坏第三磨牙,去除冠部釉质制备牙本质平面,随机均分对照组、BG组、三偏磷酸钠(sodium trimetaphosphate, STMP)-聚丙烯酸(polyacrylic acid, PAA)-BG组(S-P-BG组)。各组均使用35%(质量分数)磷酸酸蚀牙本质样本,BG组再使用0.5 g/L BG涂擦酸蚀后的牙本质样本;S-P-BG组先使用5%(质量分数)STMP、5%(质量分数)PAA浸泡酸蚀后的牙本质样本1 min,再使用0.5 g/L BG涂擦牙本质样本。各组样本使用3M Single Bond 2粘接剂及3M Z350XT复合树脂粘接,并制备微拉伸柱状样本,每颗牙的柱状样本按时间随机分为24 h、1个月、3个月组。各组样本保存在37 ℃人工唾液(artificial saliva, AS)中相应时间后,进行微拉伸粘接强度测试,并使用单因素方差分析及LSD法进行统计学分析,扫描电镜下观察粘接断裂界面形貌。另选取27颗无龋坏第三磨牙制备牙本质平面,随机分为对照组、BG组、S-P-BG组,并按上述分组处理牙本质样本,再使用含0.1%(质量分数)罗丹明B的3M Single Bond 2粘接剂完成粘接。去除样本牙根暴露髓腔,并保存在 37 ℃ AS中24 h、1个月、3个月后,髓腔内放置0.1(质量分数)荧光素钠溶液染色1 h,激光共聚焦显微镜观察粘接界面形态及混合层微渗漏。结果:AS中浸泡24 h、1个月后,3组微拉伸粘接强度间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);浸泡3个月后,S-P-BG组微拉伸粘接强度为(36.91±7.07) MPa,高于对照组粘接强度(32.73±8.06) MPa,且差异有统计学意义(P=0.026);对照组、BG组3个月的微拉伸粘接强度较24 h呈下降趋势,且差异有统计学意义(对照组P=0.017,BG组P=0.01);S-P-BG组3个月微拉伸粘接强度较24 h粘接强度[(37.99±7.98) MPa]下降,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。扫描电镜观察24 h粘接断裂面,3组均未见明显矿化;1个月、3个月后,BG组、S-P-BG组的粘接界面可见矿物质形成,S-P-BG组无明显胶原暴露。激光共聚焦显微镜观察对照组、BG组与S-P-BG组树脂突形成的形态及数量无明显差异;3组样本粘接24 h后粘接界面混合层均有渗漏,3个月后对照组微渗漏增加,BG组和S-P-BG组混合层微渗漏减少。结论:BG预处理牙本质粘接界面能够在粘接界面形成矿物质,减少粘接混合层微渗漏;STMP、PAA 与BG共同预处理牙本质粘接界面,可能在一定程度上维持牙本质粘接修复的耐久性。     

Spontaneous reports of hypersensitivity adverse drug reactions in Portugal: a retrospective analysis

ABSTRACT

Background

Hypersensitivity adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are usually serious, unpredictable, and associated with high morbidity and mortality. This study describes cases of hypersensitivity ADRs spontaneously reported in Central Portugal.     

GPER-mediated,oestrogen-dependent visceral hypersensitivity in stressed rats is associated with mast cell tryptase and histamine expression

Visceral hypersensitivity (VH) is common in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and female patients are more likely to seek healthcare services for IBS-related abdominal pain. Oestrogen has been reported to mediate pain modulation via its receptor, and mast cells are known to participate in the development of visceral hypersensitivity. Our previous studies showed that the G-protein-coupled oestrogen receptor (GPER, also known as GPR30) was expressed by mast cells in human colonic tissues and was associated with IBS type and severity of visceral pain. However, whether GPER is involved in oestrogen-dependent visceral hypersensitivity via mast cell degranulation is still unknown. Rats were subjected to wrap partial restraint stress to induce visceral hypersensitivity and were ovariectomized (OVX) to eliminate the effects of oestrogen on visceral hypersensitivity. OVX rats were treated with oestrogen, an oestrogen receptor α and β antagonist (ICI 182.780), a GPER antagonist (G15) or a GPER agonist (G1), to evaluate the effects of oestrogen via its receptor. The colorectal distention test was performed to assess visceral sensitivity. Immunofluorescence studies were performed to evaluate GPER and mast cell tryptase co-expression. Mast cell number with degranulation was detected by specific staining. Mast cell tryptase expression in rat colon was also investigated by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Substance P and histamine expression were examined by ELISA. GPER was expressed by the majority of tryptase-positive mast cells in the colonic mucosa. Stressed rats showed increased visceral sensitivity, increased mast cell degranulation, mast cell tryptase expression, and increased colon histamine levels. Ovariectomy reduced stress-induced VH in female rats and decreased mast cell degranulation, mast cell tryptase expression, and histamine levels, whereas oestrogen replacement reversed these effects. In OVX rats, the GPER antagonist G15 counteracted the enhancing effects of oestrogen on stress-induced VH, mast cell degranulation, mast cell tryptase, and histamine expression, whereas VH was preserved after treatment with ICI 182.780. On the other hand, pretreatment with the selective GPER agonist G1 at doses between 1 and 20 μg/kg significantly increased VH, mast cell tryptase, and histamine expression in OVX-stressed rats, mimicking the effects of oestrogen. GPER plays a pivotal role in the regulation of mast cell degranulation, mast cell tryptase expression, and histamine levels and contributes to the development of colonic hypersensitivity in a female rat model of IBS.     

基于“内脏高敏感理论”辨治腹泻型肠易激综合征经验举隅

现代医学认为内脏高敏感与肠易激综合征的发生有重要联系。笔者从“风气内动”理论出发，阐述“内脏高敏感理论”与腹泻型IBS病机，认为脾胃失和，脾虚湿蕴，土壅侮木，肝郁生风是主要病机，故治疗本病以柔肝理脾，胜湿止泻为基本治法。选方以过敏煎为主方，过敏煎具有滋阴息风，缓急止痛，健脾除湿，涩肠止泻的功效，因此治疗腹泻型IBS临床疗效显著。     

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??Dentin hypersensitivity is a kind of common symptom??and it is also a hard nut to crack in clinics because of the complexity of its pathogenesis and the diversity of its clinical manifestation. Besides??the effect of treatment??especially the long-term curative effect??is not ideal??so this article intended to make a summary about its pathogenesis??principle of treatment and therapeutic methods used in recent years.     

Role of serum immunoglobulin E in patients with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome

ObjectiveThe actual pathophysiology of interstitial cystitis (IC)/bladder pain syndrome (BPS) is still uncertain. Immune or hypersensitivity mechanisms may play an important role in the pathogenesis of IC/BPS. This study was designed to investigate and analyze serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels in patients with IC/BPS.Materials and methodsPatients with IC/BPS who were admitted for cystoscopic hydrodistention were enrolled in this study. Blood samples were obtained to investigate their serum IgE levels. A serum IgE level more than 200 IU/mL was considered abnormal. The patients' symptoms, visual analog scale (VAS) scores, O'Leary–Sant symptom (OSS) scores, cystometric bladder capacity (CBC), maximal bladder capacity (MBC), and grading of bladder glomerulation hemorrhage during cystoscopic hydrodistention were recorded. Serum IgE levels were also investigated in women with stress urinary incontinence, who served as the control group.ResultsTwo hundred patients with IC/BPS and 35 controls were investigated. In total, 22 IC/BPS patients (11%) had abnormal serum IgE levels. No abnormal serum IgE levels were detected in the controls. The mean serum IgE level in IC/BPS patients and controls were 102.37 IU/mL ± 250.68 IU/mL and 74.21 IU/mL ± 88.62 IU/mL, respectively (p = 0.204). The VAS, OSS, CBC, MBC, and grading of glomerulations were not significantly correlated with serum IgE levels (p = 0.317, 0.587, 0.774, 0.559, and 0.309, respectively). The serum IgE levels were slightly higher in men than in women, although the difference was not significant (152.98 IU/mL ± 201.73 IU/mL vs. 94.87 IU/mL ± 262.54 IU/mL, p = 0.183).ConclusionIn this study, 11% of patients with IC/BPS had IgE level more than 200 IU/mL, but the mean serum IgE level was not higher than the controls. Aggravating factors such as food or environmental substance should be carefully investigated in IC/BPS patients with elevated serum IgE levels.